Choline, a Famous Vitamin Like Compound (E)

Good Afternoon guys.... Today I want to write something about Nutrition ? If you have read the title of this post, you will know what I talk about. It's Choline ? Do you know about it? 

What Is Choline ?

Kolin atau dalam bahasa inggris disebut dengan Choline, merupakan salah satu zat gizi yang termasuk dalam kelompok Mikronutrien, sub Vitamin Like Compound. Kolin merupakan zat gizi esensial yang larut dalam air dan etanol (alkohol) tetapi tidak larut dalam pelarut organik, berdasarkan nama IUPAC, Kolin mempunyai nama (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium. 

 

Struktur Kolin

Kolin pertama kali ditemukan oleh Adolph Strecker pada 1864 dan berhasil disintesiskan pada 1866, lalu pada 1998 kolin diklasifikasikan sebagai zat gizi esensial oleh suatu lembaga di Amerika, ini dikarenakan Kolin mempunyai berbagai peranan dalam tubuh manusia. Seperti Vitamin D, Kolin dapat disintesis didalam tubuh namun itu belum mencukupi kebutuhan harian oleh karena itu dibutuhkan kolin yang berasal dari makanan yang kita konsumsi. Kebutuhan harian Kolin telah di tetapkan, untuk remaja laki - laki hingga orang tua berkisar antara 375 - 550 mg per hari, dan untuk remaja perempuan hingga dewasa berkisar antara 375 - 425 mg per hari. Untuk ibu hamil 450 mg per hari, dan untuk ibu menyusui 550 mg per hari.

Choline Function

1. Pemeliharaan Integritas Membran Sel, Kolin adalah komponen kunci dari banyak struktur lemak yang ada di membran sel. Karena membran sel hampir seluruhnya terdiri dari lemak, fleksibilitas dan integritas membran tergantung pada kecukupan pasokan kolin. Struktur membran yang memerlukan kolinadalahfosfatidilkolin(lesitin) dan sphingomyelin. Di otak, jumlahkolinini dalam persentase yang sangat tinggi dari total padatan, sehingga kolin sangat penting bagi kesehatan otak, dan memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan dalam penanganan gangguan otak.
2. Membantu Metabolisme Grup Methyl, Keunikan kimia kolin sebagai molekul trimethylated membuatnya sangat penting dalam metabolisme metil. Kelompok metil merujuk pada struktur kimia dengan hanya satu atom karbon dan tiga atom hidrogen, dan methylated menunjukkan bahwa zat yang memiliki setidaknya satu gugus metil. Kolin dilengkapi dengan tiga gugus metil. Banyak kejadian kimia penting dalam tubuh yang dimungkinkan karena adanya transfer kelompok metil dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Sebagai contoh, gen dalam tubuh dapat diaktifkan atau ditekan dengan cara ini, dan sel-sel dapat menggunakan proses metilasi untuk mengirim pesan bolak-balik.
3. Mendukung Aktivitas Sistem Syaraf, Kolin merupakan komponen kunci dari acetylcholine, sebuah molekul pembawa yang ditemukan dalam sistem saraf. Asetilkolin juga disebut sebagai neurotrasmitter karena membawa pesan dari dan ke saraf. Asetilkolin adalah bahan kimia utama tubuh yang mengirimkan pesan antara saraf dan otot. Karena perannya dalam fungsi saraf dan otot, kolin (ditambah dalam bentuk lesitin atau fosfatidilkolin), telah digunakan secara eksperimental untuk membantu meningkatkan fungsi neuromuskular pada penyakit Alzheimer.
4. Mengurangi Peradangan Kronis, Berdasarkan hasil penelitian  Detopoulou P, Panagiotakos DB, et al (2008) yang termuat dalam American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, orang yang melakukan diet dengan diberikan asupan tinggi kolin (ditemukan dalam kuning telur dan kedelai) dan metabolit betaine (ditemukan secara alami dalam sayuran seperti bit dan bayam), memiliki tingkat penanda inflamasi minimal 20 % lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan subyek dengan intake kolin rendah.

And That's All about Choline... Stay tuned on my blog... See yaaa....

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Vitamin D ? What's In Your Mind ?

Selamat malam semuanya... sudah hampir tengah malam dan mungkin sebagian dari kalian sudah pada tidur... tetapi Admin baru dapat inspirasi untuk menulis biasanya pada waktu malam hari... hoho... dan topik kali ini Admin akan menjelaskan tentang Vitamin D

Apa yang kalian pikirkan tentang Vitamin D? mungkin di pikiran kalian Vitamin D adalah vitamin yang bagus untuk tulang, dan dihasilkan akibat kita terkena sinar matahari ? namun setelah Admin belajar di Ilmu Gizi Universitas Diponegoro ini Admin mau menjelaskan apakah itu benar atau tidak?

1. Vitamin D berasal dari sinar Matahari Pagi

Vitamin D memang sering dikait - kaitkan dengan hal tersebut, banyak yang mengatakan bahwa hal tersebut itu benar, dulu juga admin sudah menganggapnya begitu, namun ternyata admin salah atau agak salah..

Vitamin D disebut juga dengan Sunshine Vitamin, Vitamin D dibuat oleh tubuh dengan bantuan dari Sinar Matahari yang mengenai kulit anda. jadi sebenarnya sinar matahari ini membantu tubuh untuk membuat suatu bahan yang dinamakan Previtamin D yang dimana sinar matahari ini mengubah 7-Dehidrokolesterol menjadi previtamin D , yang merupakan bahan dasar yang nantinya oleh tubuh akan dijadikan vitamin D aktif (dinamakan Calcitriol) yang selanjutnya akan di gunakan oleh tubuh kita, bukan Vitamin D berasal dari Sinar Matahari, jadi itu sedikit pembenarannya. Dengan bantuan Sinar Matahari Pagi antara pukul 7 pagi hingga 8 pagi adalah waktu yang paling baik untuk berjemur dan mendapatkan jumlah asupan Vitamin D secara optimal.

2. Vitamin D bagus untuk Tulang

Ya, kalau anggapan yang kedua ini memanglah benar, untuk lebih jelasnya lagi anda bisa buka postingan saya sebelumnya tentang Vitamin D juga (Link). Vitamin D mempunyai fungsi yang sangat baik bagi tulang anda.

Baiklah, cukup sekian dulu postingan kali ini tentang Vitamin D, stay tune to my Blog, jika ingin mendapatkan info - info yang menarik seputar Dunia Gizi... Good Night...:D

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Hidup Sehat ? Siapa Yang Tak Mau !!!

Banyak Orang mendambakan untuk hidup sehat, berbagai cara yang di tempuh oleh seseorang untuk bisa mendapatkan hidup yang sehat, dan sekarangpun Admin juga sedang mencoba untuk hidup sehat selama kuliah ini, dan Admin akan memberikan tips - tips yang admin lakukan selama ini :

1. Kenalilah Pola Makan Keseharian

Anda

Mungkin yang pertama adalah mengenali pola makan keseharian anda, apakah pola makan anda sudah benar, apakah makanan yang anda konsumsi sudah mencukupi kebutuhan gizi keseharian anda? Kenalilah pola makan keseharian anda ?

2. Makan Makanan yang Beragam

Buatlah Food Plan, usahakan makan makanan yang beragam, ini dikarenakan jika jika anda makan makanan yang sama setiap harinya, anda hanya akan mendapatkan variasi zat gizi yang itu - itu saja, dan tentu saja itu tak akan menyukupi keperluan zat gizi keseharian anda.

3. Jauhi Pengonsumsian Junk Food atau Fast Food

Seriously !!! Batasi pengonsumsian Fast Food / Junk Food, kalau bisa jauhi mereka, untunglah Admin berasal dari desa, bukan dari desa, jadi dari dulu Admin sudah biasa mengkonsumsi makanan sehat dan juga karena Junk Food / Fast Food masihlah jarang ditemukan. If you wanna get healthy, Stay out of this Thing.

4. Olahraga yang Teratur

Inilah yang mulai Admin lakukan setiap harinya, Admin pergi kuliah menggunakan sepeda setiap hari mulai semester dua ini dengan waktu 15 menit, dahulu juga Admin pernah bersepeda ke sekolah yang jaraknya dari 1 kabupaten ke kabupaten lainnya dan butuh waktu 30 menit. Setiap minggu juga Admin jogging dan mengikuti acara Car Free Day (Semarang, Indonesia). Para ahli menyarankan untuk berolahraga 2,5 jam seminggu atau 30 menit setiap hari.

Mungkin tips - tips tersebut yang sering Admin gunakan untuk hidup sehat, walaupun jujur sampai sekarang admin masih ada yang sering melanggarnya, sekian dulu post kali ini, nantikan postingan - postingan selanjutnya dari Admin...:D

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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (E)

Good night everyone, long time no post in my blog coz i was busy to work with my homework last week, and my first post in this april is about a disease that maybe almost all of the people ever got this.... Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Well you can check my post if you want to know more about it....

Gastroesophageal (pronounced: gas-tro-ih-sah-fuh-jee-ul) reflux disease is a disorder that results from stomach acid moving backward from the stomach into the esophagus. GERD usually happens because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) — the muscular valve where the esophagus joins the stomach — opens at the wrong time or does not close properly.

When the stomach contents move backward into the esophagus, this is known as gastroesophageal reflux. (Because the stomach makes acid to help a person digest food, gastroesophageal reflux is also known as acid reflux.) Almost everyone has this type of reflux at some time. Often a person isn't even aware this is happening.

GERD can causes a Heart Burn. Heartburn is an irritation of the esophagus that is caused by stomach acid( in this case because of GERD) . This can create a burning discomfort in the upper abdomen or below the breast bone. And believe me, It's really hurt because i ever felt it.

Well Now you've known about GERD... Stay tune on my blog if you want to know more all about my world in Nutrition...:D Bye bye

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The Importance of Water for your Health (E)

Good night readers, sorry I was not posting again since 2 days ago, it's because i am moody... but now my mood is back... and Now i want to tell you about Water... You must be known about it right? 

Water is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at standard ambient temperature and pressure, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state, steam (water vapor).

Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's water is found in seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other large water bodies, and 0.001% in the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies and manufactured products.

Water Have so many benefit for humanity, such as :

• Water helps regulate our body temperature through perspiration, which dissipates excess heat & cools our bodies.
• We even need water to breathe! As we take in oxygen & excrete CO2, our lungs must be moistened by water. We lose about 1 to 2 pints of water each day just exhaling.
• Asthma is frequently relieved when water intake is increased. Histamine plays a key role in regulating the way the body uses & distributes water & helps control the body' s defense mechanisms. In asthmatics, histamine level increases with dehydration. Our defense for the body is to close down the airways.
• The kidneys remove wastes such as uric aced, urea & lactic acid, all of which must be dissolved in water. When there isn't sufficient water, those wastes are not effectively removed, which may result in damage to the kidneys.
• Water lubricates our joints. The cartilage tissues found at the ends of long bones & between the vertebrae of the spine hold a lot of water, which serves as a lubricant during the movement of the joint. When the cartilage is will hydrated, the two opposing surfaces glide freely, & friction damage is minimal. If the cartilage is dehydrated, the rate of "abrasive" damage is increased, resulting in joint deterioration & increased pain.
• The actively growing blood cells in the bone marrow take priority over the cartilage for the available water that goes through the bone structure.
• Rheumatoid joint pain frequently decreases with increased water intake & flexing exercises to bring more circulation to the joints.
• 75% of the upper body weight is supported by the water volume that is stored in the spinal disc core. 25% is supported by the fibrous materials around the disc. The spinal joints are dependent on different hydraulic properties of water which is stored in the disc core. Back pain is frequently alleviated with hydration.
• Brain tissue is 85% water. Although the brain is only 1/50th of the body weight, it uses 1/20th of the blood supply. With dehydration, the level of energy generation in the brain is decreased. Depression & chronic fatigue syndrome are frequently results of dehydration.
• Migraine headaches may be an indicator of critical body temperature regulation at times of "heat stress." Dehydration plays a major role in bringing on migraines. Dehydration causes stress & stress causes further dehydration.

Well... You've known about the water and how's this thing is so important for us ... See you next time for the other post...:D

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The Importance of Vitamin D for Health (E)

Well... Good Nite Readers.... Now this time I want to tell you about the other kind of Vitamin, that's Vitamin D... What is Vitamin D? Why Vitamin D is Important for health...? In this post, I will tell you....

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc. In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D3 (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol). Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements. The body can also synthesize vitamin D (specifically cholecalciferol) in the skin, from cholesterol, when sun exposure is adequate (hence its nickname, the "sunshine vitamin").

Vitamin D isn’t like most other vitamins. Your body can make its own vitamin D when you expose your skin to sunlight. But your body can’t make other vitamins. You need to get other vitamins from the foods you eat. For example, you need to get vitamin C from fruits and vegetables.

Also what makes vitamin D unique compared to other vitamins, is that when  your body gets its vitamin D, it turns vitamin D into a hormone. This hormone is sometimes called “activated vitamin D” or “calcitriol.”

Getting the right amount of vitamin D doesn’t depend on the foods you eat. To get enough vitamin D you need to expose your skin to sunlight regularly and you may also need to take supplements. This makes getting the right amount a little more complex compared to other vitamins and minerals.

Vitamin D is very important for strong bones. Calcium and phosphorus are essential for developing the structure and strength of your bones, and you need vitamin D to absorb these minerals. Even if you eat foods that contain a lot of calcium and phosphorus, without enough vitamin D, you can’t absorb them into your body. Vitamin D is important for general good health, and researchers now are discovering that vitamin D may be important for many other reasons outside of good bone health. Some of the functions of the body that vitamin D helps with include:

• Immune system, which helps you to fight infection
• Muscle function
• Cardiovascular function, for a healthy heart and circulation
• Respiratory system –for healthy lungs and airways
• Brain development
• Anti-cancer effects

So now, you've known about the Importance of Vitamin D for health, hope you satisfy with my post, if you have a question, just comment below....:D Thanks

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The Importance of Vitamin A for Health (E)

Now.. I want to tell you about the other kind of Vitamin, on the last post, I've told you about Vitamin C... And now I will tell you about Vitamin A...

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds, that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids, among which beta-carotene is the most important. Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin the light-absorbing molecule, that is necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol known as retinoic acid, which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.

In foods of animal origin, the major form of vitamin A is an ester, primarily retinyl palmitate, which is converted to retinol (chemically an alcohol) in the small intestine. The retinol form functions as a storage form of the vitamin, and can be converted to and from its visually active aldehyde form, retinal. The associated acid (retinoic acid), a metabolite that can be irreversibly synthesized from vitamin A, has only partial vitamin A activity, and does not function in the retina for the visual cycle. Retinoic acid is used for growth and cellular differentiation.

All forms of vitamin A have a beta-ionone ring to which an isoprenoid chain is attached, called a retinyl group. Both structural features are essential for vitamin activity.The orange pigment of carrots – beta-carotene – can be represented as two connected retinyl groups, which are used in the body to contribute to vitamin A levels. Alpha-carotene and gamma-carotene also have a single retinyl group, which give them some vitamin activity. None of the other carotenes have vitamin activity. The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin possesses an ionone group and has vitamin activity in humans.

Health Benefit Of Vitamin A

Vitamin A Is important for vision

When we look at objects, light is reflected from the object and enters the eye, striking a tissue located in the back of the eye. This tissue is known as the retina. When light strikes the retina, retinol is converted to retinal, which is then shuttled to rods – the cells that help you to see in the dark. In rod cells, retinal binds to a protein called opsin. As a result, opsin changes shape and causes nerve impulses to be generated. These nerve impulses then carry messages to the brain regarding the objects in our visual field. Retinal is then converted back to retinol, ending the visual cycle.

A hallmark of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness – an impaired ability to see in low light conditions. This is because with a reduced availability of retinol, the nerve impulses necessary for our brain to interpret visual information are hindered.

Vitamin A Regulates Genes

Our genes hold the code for vital proteins needed to carry out the body’s day to day functions. Thus, when these proteins are needed, the genetic code needs to be transcribed. However, gene transcription is highly regulated. This includes when it occurs and how fast it occurs. The retinoic acid form of Vitamin A helps to regulate the rate of gene transcription.

Vitamin A Supports the Immune System

The skin and the lining that covers the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts are important components of the immune system. They are your body’s first barrier against infection. The retinol form of vitamin A is responsible for maintaining the function of the cells that make up these barriers. Vitamin A is also needed for the formation and activation of white blood cells.

Vitamin A Is Important for Red Blood Cell Production

All blood cells are developed from stem cells. Vitamin A facilitates the specialization of stems into red blood cells. Vitamin A also allows iron to be incorporated into hemoglobin – the oxygen carrying component of red blood cells.

Now You've known about Vitamin A and the health benefit of It... Thanks for reading.. :D
Good Nite

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